Which of the following are the four functions of management?

The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This framework serves as a foundational concept in management that outlines the key responsibilities of managers in achieving organizational goals.

Planning involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. This step is critical as it lays the groundwork for what the organization aims to accomplish.

Organizing refers to the arrangement of resources and tasks to achieve the organization's objectives. This includes creating a structure for the organization, determining resource allocation, and establishing relationships among various parts of the organization.

Leading is the function that involves directing and motivating employees to work effectively toward the organization's goals. This encompasses a range of activities, including communication, motivation, and team dynamics, which help foster a productive work environment.

Controlling refers to monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure that organizational goals are being met. This includes setting performance standards, measuring actual performance, and taking corrective actions when necessary.

Each of these functions is interconnected, and proficient managers use them collectively to guide their organizations toward success. The choices that include elements such as staffing, recruiting, or monitoring might describe certain aspects of management but do not encapsulate the comprehensive framework of the four primary functions as defined in traditional management theory.