Which term refers to the emphasis on traditional male roles and assertiveness in a society?

The term that emphasizes traditional male roles and assertiveness in a society is masculinity. This concept refers to the social and cultural norms associated with male behavior and identity, often highlighting traits such as strength, competitiveness, and authority. Societies that emphasize masculinity typically value assertiveness and achievement, often placing men in dominant roles within social, economic, and political contexts.

Understanding masculinity is crucial in management and organizational behavior because it can influence workplace dynamics, leadership styles, and the way gender roles are perceived. Organizations that operate within a highly masculine cultural framework may prioritize competition over collaboration and may perpetuate stereotypes that impact team effectiveness and diversity. Recognizing this can help leaders tailor their management approaches to foster inclusivity and balance within their teams.

The other terms—individualism, feminism, and collectivism—represent different conceptual frameworks that do not focus specifically on traditional male roles and assertiveness, which is why they do not apply in this context. Individualism emphasizes the importance of personal independence and self-reliance, feminism advocates for gender equality and the rights of women, and collectivism prioritizes the needs and goals of the group over individual desires. These concepts highlight different aspects of social organization that do not directly pertain to the assertiveness and roles